Carvalho played all the matches and minutes at the 2015 European Under-21 Championship. He was elected player of the tournament due to his performances, even though he missed the decisive attempt in the penalty shootout in the final against Sweden, with it saved by Patrik Carlgren after a 0–0 draw in Prague.[21][22][23][24][25]
At UEFA Euro 2016 in France, Carvalho was suspended from Portugal's semi-final victory over Wales, but regained his place from Danilo in the final, a 1–0 win over the hosts at the Stade de France.